Clinical characteristics, and laboratory and echocardiographic findings in takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting as cardiogenic shock

Abstract 

Purpose

Although takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) has been reported to have an excellent clinical recovery, there are few data regarding clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings in TTC presenting as cardiogenic shock. We aimed to assess the differences in these parameters between TTC presenting with and without cardiogenic shock.

Methods

Fifty patients were enrolled from the TTC registry database and divided according to the presence of cardiogenic shock. Sixteen patients presented with cardiogenic shock as initial presentation (S group), and 34 did not (NS group).

Results

The S group had a higher prevalence of dyspnea (81% vs 38%, P = .005), pulmonary edema (69% vs 29%, P = .009), and significant reversible mitral regurgitation (44% vs 15%, P = .025) than the NS group. In addition, the S group had significantly higher troponin-I (median, 8.2 vs 1.4 pg/mL; P = .043) and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels (median, 8831 vs 2348 pg/mL; P = .046). During follow-up (median, 3.1 years), cardiac deaths associated with TTC itself and recurrences of TTC were not noted in both groups.

Conclusions

The S group has a higher prevalence of heart failure symptoms, significant reversible mitral regurgitation, and troponin-I and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels. However, with meticulous therapeutic strategies, prognosis of this syndrome may be excellent irrespective of hemodynamic instability.

Keywords: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, Transient left ventricular ballooning syndrome, Cardiogenic shock