Journal of Critical Care
Volume 21, Issue 1 , Pages 56-65 , March 2006

Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia

  • Eva Tejerina, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905-Getafe, Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • Fernando Frutos-Vivar, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905-Getafe, Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • Marcos I. Restrepo, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • ,
  • Antonio Anzueto, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • ,
  • Fekri Abroug, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Fattouma Burghuiba, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
    • ,
  • Fernando Palizas, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Clinica Bazterrica, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
    • ,
  • Marco González, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General de Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
    • ,
  • Gabriel D'Empaire, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
    • ,
  • Carlos Apezteguía, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, 1706 Haedo, Argentina
    • ,
  • Andrés Esteban, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905-Getafe, Madrid, Spain
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905-Getafe Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34 916834982; fax: +34 916832095.
    • ,
  • for the Internacional Mechanical Ventilation Study Group

Received 18 February 2005 ,Revised 6 July 2005 ,Accepted 30 August 2005.

References 

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  2. Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM, et al. Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142:523–528
  3. Rello J, Quintana E, Ausina V, et al. Incidence, etiology, and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest. 1991;100:439–444
  4. Kappstein I, Schulgen G, Beyer U, Geiger K, Schumacher M, Daschner FD. Prolongation of hospital stay and extra costs due to ventilator-associated pneumonia in an intensive care unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992;11:504–508
  5. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Hance AJ, Montravers P, Novara A, Gibert C. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. Am J Med. 1993;94:281–288
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  17. Fabregas N, Ewig S, Torres A, et al. Clinical diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia revisited: comparative validation using immediate post-mortem lung biopsies. Thorax. 1999;54:867–873
  18. Chastre J, Fagon JY. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:867–903
  19. Cook DJ, Walter SD, Cook RJ, et al. Incidence and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:433–440
  20. Garibaldi RA, Britt MR, Coleman ML, Reading JC, Pace NL. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. Am J Med. 1981;70:677–680
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  22. Moine P, Timsit JF, de Lassence A, et al. Mortality-associated with late-onset pneumonia in the intensive care unit: results of a multi-center cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:154–163
  23. Celis R, Torres A, Gatell JM, Almela M, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Agusti-Vidal A. Nosocomial pneumonia. A multivariate analysis of risk and prognosis. Chest. 1988;93:318–324
  24. Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM, et al. Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142:523–528
  25. Luna CM, Blanzaco D, Niederman MS, et al. Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early clinical predictor of outcome. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:676–682

☆ Grant 98/0233 from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Spain. Red GIRA (G03/063) and Red RESPIRA (C03/11) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.

PII: S0883-9441(05)00194-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2005.08.005

Journal of Critical Care
Volume 21, Issue 1 , Pages 56-65 , March 2006

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