Journal of Critical Care
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 280-286 , September 2006

Heart rate variability monitoring in the detection of central nervous system complications in children with enterovirus infection

References 

  1. Richardson HB, Leiboritz A. Hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. J Pediatr. 1965;67:6–12
  2. Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, et al. An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:929–935
  3. Wu TN, Tsai SF, Li SF, et al. Sentinel surveillance for enterovirus 71, Taiwan, 1998. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:458–460
  4. Lin TY, Chang LY, Hsia SH, et al. The 1998 enterovirus 71 outbreak in Taiwan: pathogenesis and management. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;34(Suppl 2):S52–S57
  5. Chang LY, Lin TY, Hsu KH, et al. Clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary oedema after enterovirus 71–related hand, foot, and mouth disease. Lancet. 1999;354:1682–1686
  6. Lin TY, Hsia SH, Huang YC, et al. Proinflammatory cytokine reactions in Enterovirus 71 infections of the central nervous system. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:269–274
  7. Wu JM, Wang JN, Tsai YC, et al. Cardiopulmonary manifestation of fulminant enterovirus 71 infection. Pediatrics. 2002;109:e26–e31
  8. Huang CC, Liu CC, Chang YC, et al. Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:936–942
  9. Shen WC, Chiu HH, Chow KC, et al. MR imaging findings of enteroviral encephalomyelitis: an outbreak in Taiwan. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:1889–1995
  10. Casolo GC, Stroder P, Signorini C, et al. Heart rate variability during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1992;85:2073–2079
  11. Schetman VL, Raetz SL, Harper RM. Dynamic analysis of cardiac RR interval in normal infants and in infants who subsequently succumbed to the sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Res. 1992;31:606–612
  12. Biswas AK, Scott WA, Sommerauer JF, et al. Heart rate variability after acute traumatic brain injury in children. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:3907–3912
  13. Leipzig T, Lowensohn R. Heart rate variability in neurosurgical patients. Neurosurgery. 1986;19:356–362
  14. Pia H. Brain death. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1986;82:1–6
  15. Korpelainen JT, Huikuri HV, Sotaniemi KA, et al. Abnormal heart rate variability reflecting autonomic dysfunction in brainstem infarction. Acta Neurol Scand. 1996;94:337–342
  16. Mergic B, Kobal J, Osredkar J, et al. Autonomic nervous system function in patients with acute brainstem stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2001;11:2–8
  17. Report of he second task force on blood pressure control in children. Pediatrics. 1987;79:1–6
  18. Berger RD, Akselrod S, Gordon D, et al. An efficient algorithm for spectral analysis of heart rate variability. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1986;33:900–904
  19. Pomeranz B, Macaulay RJ, Caudill MA, et al. Assessment of autonomic function in humans by heart rate spectral analysis. Am J Physiol. 1985;248:H151–H153
  20. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation. 1996;93:1043–1065
  21. Malik M, Camm AJ. Components of heart rate variability: what they really mean and what we really measure. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:821–822
  22. Lum LC, Wong KT, Lam SK, et al. Fetal enterovirus 71 encephaomyelitis. J Pediatr. 1998;133:795–798
  23. Chang LY, Huang YC, Lin TY. Fulminant neurogenic pulmonary oedema with hand, foot and mouth disease. Lancet. 1998;352:367–368
  24. Lin TY, Chang LY, Huang YC, et al. Different proinflammatory reactions in fatal and non-fatal enterovirus 71 infections: implications for early recognition and therapy. Acta Paediatr. 2002;91:632–635
  25. Afifi AK. Pons. In:  Afifi AK,  Bergman RA editor. Functional neuroanatomy. International edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1998;p. 147–178
  26. Lai YY, Siegel JM. Brainstem-mediated locomotion and myoclonic jerks. I. Neural substrates. Brain Res. 1997;745:257–264
  27. Spyer KM. Central nervous control of the cardiovascular system. In:  Mathias CJ,  Bannister R editor. Autonomic failure. 4th ed. New York: Oxford university press; 1999;p. 45–55
  28. Yan JJ, Wang JR, Liu CC, et al. An outbreak of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan 1998; a comprehensive pathological, virological, and molecular study on a case of fulminant encephalitis. J Clin Virol. 2000;17:13–22
  29. Sved AF. Cardiovascular system. In:  Zigmond MJ,  Bloom FE,  Landis SC,  Roberts JL,  Squire LR editor. Fundamental Neuroscience. San Diego (Calif): Academic Press; 1999;p. 1051–1062
  30. Ichiyama IT, Nishikawa M, Yoshitomi T, et al. Tumor necrosis factor–alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid from children with prolonged febrile seizures: comparison with acute encephalitis/encephalopathy. Neurology. 1998;50:407–411
  31. Furlan R, Guzzetti S, Crivellaro W, et al. Continuous 24-hour assessment of the neural regulation of systemic arterial pressure and RR variabilities in ambulant subjects. Circulation. 1990;81:537–547
  32. Sinnereich R, Kark JD, Friedlander Y, et al. Five minute recordings of heart rate variability for population studies: repeatability and age-sex characteristics. Heart. 1998;80:156–162
  33. Kleiger RE, Stein PK, Bigger JT. Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2005;10:88–101

PII: S0883-9441(06)00082-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2006.02.005

Journal of Critical Care
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 280-286 , September 2006