Journal of Critical Care
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 271-278 , September 2006

The pediatric early warning system score: A severity of illness score to predict urgent medical need in hospitalized children

  • Heather Duncan

      Affiliations

    • Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Diana, Princess of Wales Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, B4 6NH Birmingham, UK
  • ,
  • James Hutchison

      Affiliations

    • Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
    • The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
  • ,
  • Christopher S. Parshuram

      Affiliations

    • Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
    • The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.

References 

  1. Reis AG, Nadkarni V, Perondi MB, Grisi S, Berg RA. A prospective investigation into the epidemiology of in-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation using the international Utstein reporting style. Pediatrics. 2002;109:200–209
  2. Suominen P, Olkkola KT, Voipio V, Korpela R, Palo R, Rasanen J. Utstein style reporting of in-hospital paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2000;45:17–25
  3. Gillis J, Dickson D, Rieder M, Steward D, Edmonds J. Results of inpatient pediatric resuscitation. Crit Care Med. 1986;14:469–471
  4. Young KD, Seidel JS. Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a collective review. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:195–205
  5. Buist MD, Moore GE, Bernard SA, Waxman BP, Anderson JN, Nguyen TV. Effects of a medical emergency team on reduction of incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrests in hospital: preliminary study. BMJ. 2002;324:387–390
  6. Day V The Comprehensive Critical Care Expert Group. Comprehensive critical care: a review of adult critical care services. http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/08/28/72/04082872.pdf2000;[accessed 20 August 2004]
  7. Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M, Bellomo R, Brown D, Doig G, et al. Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;365:2091–2097
  8. Hodgetts TJ, Kenward G, Vlachonikolis IG, Payne S, Castle N. The identification of risk factors for cardiac arrest and formulation of activation criteria to alert a medical emergency team. Resuscitation. 2002;54:125–131
  9. Jones J, Hunter D. Qualitative research: consensus methods for medical and health services research. BMJ. 1995;311:376–380
  10. Hillman K, Bristow PJ, Chey T, Daffurn K, Jacques T, Norman SL, et al. Duration of life-threatening antecedents prior to intensive care admission. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:1629–1634
  11. Bristow PJ, Hillman K, Chey T, Daffurn K, Jacques TC, Norman SL. Rates of in-hospital arrests, deaths and intensive care admissions: the effect of a medical emergency team. Med J Aust. 2000;173:236–240
  12. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, Ressler J, Muzzin A, Knoblich B, et al. Early goal directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1368–1377
  13. McQuillan P, Pilkington S, Allan A, Taylor B, Short A, Morgan G, et al. Confidential inquiry into quality of care before admission to intensive care. BMJ. 1998;316:1853–1858
  14. Kozer E, Seto W, Verjee Z, Parshuram C, Khattak S, Koren G, et al. Prospective observational study on the incidence of medication errors during simulated resuscitation in a paediatric emergency department. BMJ. 2004;329:1321

 This work was supported by internal funding from the Department of Critical Care Medicine and the Research Institute at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The investigators functioned independent of these funding sources, and have no conflict of interest to declare with respect to this publication. Drs C Parshuram and J Hutchison have received peer-reviewed funding from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada to support ongoing research in the prevention and treatment of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest. This funding was in part related to the work described in the submitted manuscript.

☆☆ H Duncan contributed to the concept, design, interpretation, and manuscript revisions. J Hutchison contributed to the design, interpretation, and manuscript revisions. CS Parshuram contributed to the concept, design, interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript and assisted with its revisions. All authors approved the final submitted manuscript.

PII: S0883-9441(06)00088-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2006.06.007

Journal of Critical Care
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 271-278 , September 2006