Journal of Critical Care
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 349-353 , September 2008

Conscious sedation in the critically ill ventilated patient

  • Marco Cigada, MD

      Affiliations

    • Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Istituto di Anestesia e Rianimazione - Università degli Studi di Milano, Polo Universitario San Paolo, 20142 Milano, Italy. Fax: +39 02 503 2 3137.
    • ,
  • Davide Corbella, MD

      Affiliations

    • Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
    • ,
  • Giovanni Mistraletti, MD

      Affiliations

    • Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
    • ,
  • Chiara Reali Forster, MD

      Affiliations

    • Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
    • ,
  • Concezione Tommasino, MD

      Affiliations

    • Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
    • ,
  • Alberto Morabito, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Cattedra di Statistica Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
    • ,
  • Gaetano Iapichino, MD

      Affiliations

    • Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy

References 

  1. Young C, Knudsen N, Hilton A, et al. Sedation in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:854–866
  2. Woods JC, Mion LC, Connor JT, et al. Severe agitation among ventilated medical intensive care unit patients: frequency, characteristics and outcomes. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30:1066–1072
  3. Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:119–141
  4. Riker RR, Fraser GL. Adverse events associated with sedatives, analgesics, and other drugs that provide patient comfort in the intensive care unit. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25:8S–18S
  5. Sessler CN, Graph MJ, Brophy GM. Multidisciplinary management of sedation and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;22:211–225
  6. Kress JP, Pohlman AS, Hall JB. Sedation and analgesia in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:1024–1028
  7. Ramsay MA, Savege TM, Simpson BR, et al. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J. 1974;2:656–659
  8. Conti G, Arcangeli A, Antonelli M, et al. Sedation with sufentanil in patients receiving pressure support ventilation has no effects on respiration. Can J Anaesth. 2004;51:494–499
  9. Lavery GG. Optimum sedation and analgesia in critical illness: we need to keep on trying. Critical Care. 2004;8:433–434
  10. Egerod I, Christensen BV, Johansen L. Trends in sedation practices in Danish intensive care units in 2003: a national survey. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32:60–66
  11. De Jonghe B, Bastuji-Garin S, Fangio P, et al. Sedation algorithm in critically ill patients without acute brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:120–127
  12. Cigada M, Pezzi A, Di Mauro P, et al. Sedation in the critically ill ventilated patient: possible role of enteral drugs. Intensive Care Med. 2005;31:482–486
  13. Neuhaus JM. Statistical methods for longitudinal and clustered designs with binary response. Stat Methods Med Res. 1992;1:249–273
  14. Twisk JWR. Applied longitudinal data analysis for epidemiology: a practical guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003;
  15. Kress JP, Gehlbach B, Lacy M, et al. The long-term psychological effects of daily sedative interruption on critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:1457–1461

PII: S0883-9441(07)00048-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.04.003

Journal of Critical Care
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 349-353 , September 2008

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