Journal of Critical Care
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 27-33 , March 2008

Early- and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit: comparison of risk factors

  • Marine Giard, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, CNRS UMR 5558, Lyon 1 University, 69008 Lyon, France
    • Infection Control Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
    • ,
  • Alain Lepape, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Lyon Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
    • ,
  • Bernard Allaouchiche, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
    • ,
  • Claude Guerin, MD

      Affiliations

    • Medical Intensive Care Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France
    • ,
  • Jean-Jacques Lehot, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Louis Pradel Hospital, 69677 Bron cedex, France
    • ,
  • Marc-Olivier Robert, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France
    • ,
  • Gérard Fournier, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Lyon Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
    • ,
  • Didier Jacques, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Lyon Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
    • ,
  • Dominique Chassard, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Hôtel Dieu, 69288 Lyon cedex 02, France
    • ,
  • Pierre-Yves Gueugniaud, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Lyon Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
    • ,
  • François Artru, MD

      Affiliations

    • Intensive Care Unit, Pierre Wertheimer Hospital, 69677 Bron cedex, France
    • ,
  • Paul Petit, MD

      Affiliations

    • Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
    • ,
  • Dominique Robert, MD

      Affiliations

    • Medical Intensive Care Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
    • ,
  • Ismaël Mohammedi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Medical Intensive Care Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
    • ,
  • Raphaëlle Girard, MD

      Affiliations

    • Infection Control Unit, Lyon Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
    • ,
  • Jean-Charles Cêtre, MD

      Affiliations

    • Infection Control Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France
    • ,
  • Marie-Christine Nicolle, MD

      Affiliations

    • Infection Control Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France
    • ,
  • Jacqueline Grando, MD

      Affiliations

    • Infection Control Unit, Louis Pradel Hospital, 69677 Bron cedex, France
    • ,
  • Jacques Fabry, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, CNRS UMR 5558, Lyon 1 University, 69008 Lyon, France
    • Infection Control Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
    • ,
  • Philippe Vanhems, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, CNRS UMR 5558, Lyon 1 University, 69008 Lyon, France
    • Infection Control Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France. Tel.: +33 0 4 72 11 07 25; fax: +33 0 4 72 11 07 26.

References 

  1. Vincent JL. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Hosp Infect. 2004;57:272–280
  2. Mehta RM, Niederman MS. Nosocomial pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2002;15:387–394
  3. Chevret S, Hemmer M, Carlet J, et al. Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units. Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 1993;19:256–264
  4. Cook DJ, Walter SD, Cook RJ, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:433–440
  5. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care units. JAMA. 1996;275:866–869
  6. Mandelli M, Mosconi P, Langer M, et al. Is pneumonia developing in patients in intensive care always a typical “nosocomial” infection?. Lancet. 1986;2:1094–1095
  7. American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:388–416
  8. Moine P, Timsit JF, De Lassence A, et al. Mortality associated with late-onset pneumonia in the intensive care unit: results of a multi-center cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:154–163
  9. Akca O, Koltka K, Uzel S, et al. Risk factors for early-onset, ventilator-associated pneumonia in critical care patients: selected multiresistant versus nonresistant bacteria. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:638–645
  10. Ibrahim EH, Ward S, Sherman G, et al. A comparative analysis of patients with early-onset vs late-onset nosocomial pneumonia in the ICU setting. Chest. 2000;117:1434–1442
  11. Kollef MH, Silver P, Murphy DM, et al. The effect of late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in determining patient mortality. Chest. 1995;108:1655–1662
  12. Nseir S, Di Pompeo C, Pronnier P, et al. Early and late nosocomial broncho-pulmonary diseases in intensive care. Comparative study of risk factors and of causing bacteria. Presse Med. 2003;32:1111–1115
  13. Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Griffith L, et al. The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient. The Canadian Critical Trials Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:1249–1256
  14. Trouillet L, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:531–539
  15. Chastre J, Fagon JY. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:867–903
  16. Bert F, Lambert-Zechovsky N. Bactéries isolées de prélèvements bronchopulmonaires protégés: variation en fonction de la durée de séjour préalable en réanimation. Pathol Biol. 1998;46:380–384
  17. Vanhems P, Lepape A, Savey A, et al. Nosocomial pulmonary infection by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria of patients hospitalized in intensive care units: risk factors and survival. J Hosp Infect. 2000;45:98–106
  18. Le Gall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F. A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA. 1993;270:2957–2963
  19. Savey A, Lepape A, Caillat-Vallet E, et al. In: Protocole de surveillance Réa Sud-Est. Lyon: Centre de Coordination de la Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales du Sud-Est; 2004;p. 14–15
  20. Couty E, Ménard J. In: 100 recommandations pour la surveillance et la prévention des infections nosocomiales. 2nd ed.. Paris: Comité technique national des infections nosocomiales, Ministére de l'emploi et de la solidarité, Secrétariat d'Etat à la santé et à l'action sociale; 1999;p. 12–15
  21. In: Comité de l'antibiogramme , Société Française de Microbiologie , Société Française de Microbiologie  editor. Créteil. 2005;p. 15–25
  22. Rello J, Ausina V, Ricart M, et al. Impact of previous antimicrobial therapy on the etiology and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 1993;104:1230–1235
  23. Defouilloy C, Gérard A, Berche P, et al. Evaluation d'un stratégie thérapeutique utilisant l'association amoxicilline-acide clavulanique par voir veineuse avec relais oral dans les pneumopathies précoces du patient sous ventilation artificielle. Méd Mal Infect. 2001;31:7–13

PII: S0883-9441(07)00110-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.08.005

Journal of Critical Care
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 27-33 , March 2008

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