Journal of Critical Care
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 282-286 , June 2010

Investigation of critical care unit utilization and mortality in patients infected with Clostridium difficile

  • James Gasperino, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Critical Care, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.
    • ,
  • Maya Garala, PharmD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pharmacy, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
    • ,
  • Hillel W. Cohen, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
    • ,
  • Vladimir Kvetan, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Critical Care, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
    • ,
  • Brian Currie, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
    • Foundation for Applied Epidemiology, Northvale, NJ 07647, USA

References 

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  2. Fekety R. Antibiotic-associated disease. In:  Field M editors. Diarrheal disease. NY: Elsevier; 1991;p. 293–317
  3. McDonald LC, Coignard BD, Dubberke E, Song X, Hoan T Ad Hoc Clostridium difficile Surveillance Working Group. Recommendations for surveillance of Clostridium difficile–associated disease. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:140–145
  4. Kuijper EJ, Coignard B, Tull P. The ESCMID study group for Clostridium difficile (ESGCD), EU Member States and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Emergence of Clostridium difficile–associated disease in North America and Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;6:2–18
  5. Barbut F, Gariazzo B, Bonné L, Lalande V, Burghoffer B, Luiuz R Petit JC. Features of Clostridium difficile–associated infections and molecular characterization of strains: results of a retrospective study, 2000-2004. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:131–139
  6. Jobe BA, Grasley A, Deveney KE, Deveney CW, Sheppard BC. Clostridium difficile colitis: an increasing hospital-acquired illness. Am J Surg. 1995;169:480–483
  7. Byrn JC, Dipen M, Gingold DS, Baril DT, Ozao JJ, Divino CM. Predictors of mortality after colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis. Arch Surg. 2008;143:150–154
  8. Grundfest-Broniatowski S, Quader M, Alexander F, Walsh RM, Lavery I, Milsom J. Clostridium difficile colitis in the critically ill. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:619–623
  9. Synnott K, Mealy K, Merry C, Kyne L, Keane C, Quill R. Timing of surgery for fulminating pseudomembranous colitis. Br J Surg. 1998;85:229–231
  10. Klipfel AA, Schein M, Fahoum B, Wise L. Acute abdomen and Clostridium difficile colitis: still a lethal combination. Dig Surg. 2000;17:160–163
  11. Redelings MD, Sorvillo F, Mascola L. Increase in Clostridium difficile–related mortality rates, United States, 1999-2004. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1417–1419
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Severe Clostridium difficile–associated disease in populations previously at low risk—four states, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:1201–1205
  13. Kyne L, Merry C, O'Connell B, Kelly A, Keane C, O'Neill D. Factors associated with prolonged symptoms and severe disease due to Clostridium difficile. Age Ageing. 1999;107-113:28
  14. Kazakova SV, Ware K, Baughman B, Bilukha O Paradis A, Sears S, Thompson A, et al. A hospital outbreak of diarrhea due to an emerging epidemic strain of Clostridium difficile. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2518–2524
  15. Hubert B, Loo VG, Bourgault AM, Poirier L, Dascal A, Fortin E, et al. A Portrait of the geographic dissemination of the Clostridium difficile North American pulsed-field type 1 strain and the epidemiology of C. difficile associated disease in Québec. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:238–244
  16. Loo V, Poirer L, Miller M, et al. A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2442–2449
  17. Riska P. Epidemic Clostridium difficile diarrhea: widespread across New York City. In: 46th ICAAC: A meeting of the American Society for Microbiology Session 108, Paper K-1007. 2006;
  18. Warny M, Pepin J, Fang A, Killgore G, Thompson A, Brazier J, et al. Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet. 2005;366:1079–1084
  19. Kenneally C, Rosini JM, Skrupky LP, Doherty JA, Hollands JM, Martinez E, et al. Analysis of 30-day mortality for Clostridium difficile–associated disease in the ICU setting. Chest. 2007;132:418–424
  20. Akerlund T, Svenungsson B, Lagergren A, Burman LG. Correlation of disease severity with fecal toxin levels in patients with Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea and distribution of PCR ribotypes and toxin yields in vitro of corresponding isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:353–358
  21. Dallal RM, Harbrecht BG, Boujoukas AJ, Sirio CA, Farkas LM, Lee KK, et al. Fulminant Clostridium difficile: an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications. Ann Surg. 2002;235:363–372
  22. Biller P, Shank B, Lind L, Brennan M, Tkatch L, Killgore G, et al. Moxifloxacin therapy as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile–associated disease during an outbreak: attempts to control a new epidemic strain.. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:198–201
  23. McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, Owens RC, Kazakova SV, Sambol SP, et al. An epidemic, toxin genevariant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2433–2441
  24. Baxter R, Ray T, Fireman BH. Case-control study of antibiotic use and subsequent Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:44–50

PII: S0883-9441(09)00083-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2009.04.002

Journal of Critical Care
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 282-286 , June 2010

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