Journal of Critical Care
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 236-242 , June 2010

Risk factors and treatment outcome in scuba divers with spinal cord decompression sickness

References 

  1. Francis TJR, Mitchell SJ. Pathophysiology of decompression sickness. In:  Brubbak AO,  Neuman TS editor. The Bennett and Elliot's physiology and medicine of diving. 5th ed.. London: WB Saunders; 2003;p. 530–556
  2. Thalmann ED. Principles of US Navy recompression treatments for decompression sickness. In:  Moon RE,  Sheffields PJ editor. Diving accident management. Bethesda (Md): Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society; 1996;p. 75–95
  3. Cianci P, Slade JB. Delayed treatment of decompression sickness with short, no-air break tables: review of 140 cases. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006;77:1003–1008
  4. Weaver LK. Monoplace hyperbaric chamber use of US Navy table 6: a 25-year experience. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2006;33:85–88
  5. Shupak A, Melamed Y, Ramon Y, et al. Helium and oxygen treatment table of severe air-diving–induced neurologic decompression sickness. Arch Neurol. 1993;54:305–311
  6. Bond JG, Moon RE, Morris DL. Initial table treatment of decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1990;61:738–743
  7. Leitch DR, Green RD. Additional pressurisation for treating nonresponding cases of serious air decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1985;56:1139–1143
  8. Ross JAS, Stephenson RN, Gooden DJ, et al. Factors associated with poor outcome in decompression illness. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2000;27(Suppl):43
  9. Robertson AG. An analytic survey of 111 cases of decompression sickness. Undersea biomed Res. 1991;18(Suppl):47
  10. Desola J, Sala J, Bohe J, et al. Prognostic factors of dysbaric disorders. Evidence-based conclusions after a multivariant analysis of 554 cases. In:  Cali-Corleo R editors. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the European Underwater and Baromedical Society. 2000;p. 17–23Valetta, Malta
  11. Rivera JC. Decompression sickness among divers: an analysis of 935 cases. Milit Med. 1964;129:134–334
  12. Ross JAS, Stephenson RN, Gooden DJ, et al. The presentation and clinical course of decompression illness in Scotland. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2000;27(Suppl):42
  13. Dick APK, Massey EW. Neurologic presentation of decompression sickness and air embolism in sport divers. Neurology. 1985;35:667–671
  14. Francis TJR, Dutka AJ, Flynn ET. Experimental determination of latency, severity and outcome in CNS decompression sickness. Undersea Biomed Res. 1988;15:419–427
  15. Ross JAS, Watt SJ. The relationship between the severity of decompression illness and symptom latency. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2001;28(Suppl):70
  16. Meliet JL, Mayan PY. The prognosis of decompression sickness in the French Navy: influence of latency and time of recompression. Medsubhyp. 1990;9:63–75[in French]
  17. Aharon-Peretz J, Adir Y, Gordon CR, et al. Spinal cord decompression sickness in sport diving. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:753–756
  18. Van Hulst RA. Analysis of ten year diving casualties 1979-1989, diving medical centre, The Netherlands. Undersea Biomed Res. 1990;17(Suppl):144
  19. Kizer KW. Delayed treatment of dysbarism. A retrospective review of 50 cases. JAMA. 1982;247:2555–2558
  20. Ross JAS, Sayer MDJ, Trevett AJ. The relationship between time to recompression treatment and clinical outcome for decompression illness treated in Scotland. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2007;34(Suppl):269
  21. Ball R. Effect of severity, time to recompression with oxygen, and re-treatment on outcome of forty-nine cases of spinal cord decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperbaric Med. 1993;20:133–145
  22. Stipp W, Time to treatment for decompression illness. Research report RR 550, Norwich, UK, Health and Safety Executive Books, 2007, pp 1-29. Retrieved on http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr550.pdf
  23. Blanc P, Boussuges A, Bergmann E, et al. Delay of initial treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in neurological decompression sickness. Urgences. 1994;4:177–180[in French]
  24. Desola J, Sala J, Bohe J, et al. Outcome of dysbaric disorders is not related to delay in treatment. Preliminary results of a multivariate analysis of 466 cases following a prospective study. In:  Mekjavic IB,  Tipton MJ editor. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Underwater and Baromedical Society. Biomed (Ljubljana); 1997;p. 133–138Bled, Slovenia
  25. Boussuges A, Thirion X, Blanc P, et al. Neurologic decompression illness: a gravity score. Undersea Hyperb Med. 1996;23:151–155
  26. Berghage TE, Vorosmarti J, Barnard EPP. Recompression treatment tables used throughout the world by government and industry. Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda (Md). Retrieved on http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/34141978;
  27. Pitkin AD, Benton PJ, Broome JR. Outcome after treatment of neurological decompression illness is predicted by a published clinical scoring system. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1999;70:517–521
  28. Gempp E, Blatteau JE, Stephant E, et al. MRI findings and clinical outcome in 45 divers with spinal cord decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2008;79:1–5
  29. Brubbak AO. On-site recompression treatment is acceptable for DCI. SPUMS J. 2000;30:166–173
  30. Møllerløkken A, Nossum V, Hovin W, et al. Recompression with oxygen to 160 kPa eliminates vascular bubbles, but does not prevent endothelial damage. Eur J Underwater Hyperbaric Med. 2007;8:11–16
  31. Brubakk AO. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: oxygen and bubbles. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2004;31:73–79
  32. Bennett MH, Lehm JP, Mitchell SJ, et al. Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;18:CD005277
  33. Holley T. Validation of the RNZN system for scoring severity and measuring recovery in decompression illness. SPUMS J. 2000;30:75–80

 The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private's ones of the authors and are not to be construed as the official or as reflecting the views of the French Navy.

PII: S0883-9441(09)00124-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2009.05.011

Journal of Critical Care
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 236-242 , June 2010